d}n] b]v]sf] du/ ;+3 zfvf o'PO{ / xªsª
–ef]hljqmd a'9fdu/, ;Nnfxfsf/ g]kfn du/ ;+3, s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt .
du/ ;+3sf] P]ltxfl;s ;Gbe{M
g]kfn ax'hftLo ePklg /fHo Psn hftLo hudf l6s]sf] 5 . Oltxf;b]lv at{dfg;Ddsf] b]zsf] zf;sLo ;+/rgfsf] t:jL/ x]g]{xf] eg] Psn hftLo jr{Zj 5 . hftLo c;dfgtfs} sf/0f du/ hflt Gofo / ;dfgtfsf] kIfdf uf]naGb x'g] lznl;nf ;'? eof] o;}qmddf zf;sx¿sf] cfFvf 5Nb} du/ ;d'bfonfO{ ;Ël7t u/L r]tgf hufpg lj= ;+= @)!@ ;fndf u'NdLsf] ef;]{ ufpFdf du/ ;'wf/ ;dfhsf] e]nf lu/Lk|;fb a'9fyf]sLdu/sf] g]t[Tjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . g]kfn du/ ;+3sf] k|ltj]bg @)&$ cg';f/ lj=;+= @)!# ;fndf DofUbL lhNnfsf] cf}nf] ufpFdf afbLkLl8tnufot k|fs[lts ljklQdf k/]sfx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ / ufpFdf ljBfno vf]nL ;~rfng ug]{ / du/ ;d'bfonfO{ r]tgf hufpg] p2]Zo /fvL d]h/ 6]saxfb'/ k'gdu/sf] g]t[Tjdf du/ e]nf ;Dkg ePsf] lyof] . lj= ;+= @)!$ ;fn kmfu'g @& ut]b]lv @( d]rL–sfnLaf6 ljleGg lhNnfsf] %)) hgf k|ltlglwx¿sf] pkl:yltdf / xhf/f}+ hgtfsf] ;xof]udf du/ ;'wf/ ;ª\3sf] klZrdf~rn ;Dd]ng lu/Lk|;fb a'9fyf]sLdu/nfO{ g} ;efklt rog u/L lj=;+= @)!# ;fndf /0faxfb'/ cfn]du/n] uf]vf{df du/ e]nf u/]sf] lyof] eg] . lj= ;+= @)!# ;fndf Psb]j cfn]du/n] tgx'Fdf du/ e]nf u/]sf lyP ;Ë7gnfO{ cfsf/ lbg tgx'Fsf] s'n'ª ufpFdf Psb]j cfn]du/s} g]t[Tjdf lj= ;+= @)!$ ;fndf du/ ;Dd]ng ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . lj= ;+= @)!& ;fnsf] kl/jt{kl5 k~rfotL Joj:yfn] /fhg}lts tyf ;fdflhs ;ª\3÷;+:yfdfly k|ltaGw nufPkl5 du/x¿nfO{ Psh'6 kf/L clwsf/k|lt ;r]t kfg{ du/ cu|hx¿sf] ;Nnfx tyf ;'emfjdf jgef]h cfof]hgf u/]/ k|lzIf0f lbg] / uf]Ko ¿kdf ;Ël7t ug]{ ul/GYof] . o;/L ;'if'Kt ¿kdf ePklg ;Ël7t x'g] qmddf lj=;+= @)@* ;fndf cWoIf lvnWjh yfkfdu/ pkfWoIf dfof /fgfdu/ / dxf;lrj s'naxfb'/ /fgfdu/ /xg] u/L sf7df8f}+df ænfª\3fnL kl/jf/Æ u7g eof] . lj= ;+= @)#@ ;fndfdf æsfg'ª nfª\3fnL kl/jf/Æ ¿kGb]xLdf klg :yfkgf eof] . lj= ;+= @)#% b]lv @)#^ ;fndf afun'ª, ;'v]{t, afFs], b}n]vnufotsf lhNnfx¿df du/ ;'wf/ ;ldlt, kfNkfdf ædu/ ;'wf/ ;ldltÆ aGof] eg] sf:sLdf ænfª\3fnL kl/jf/Æ u7g ug]{ sfd Jofks x'Fb} uof] . ;f/f lhNnfdf 5l/P/ /x]sf ;Ë7gnfO{ Pp6} of]hgf / ;fË7lgs k4ltleq Nofpg] p2]Zosf ;fy lj= ;+= @)#^ ;fn sf7df8f}+df cWoIf 8f= xif{axfb'/ a'8fdu/, pkfWoIf 6f]kaxfb'/ yfkfdu/, ;lrj ;'/]z cfn]du/, sf]iffWoIf s]z/hª a/fndu/ /x]sf] ænfª\3f/L kl/jf/Æ s]Gb|Lo tby{ ;ldlt u7g eof] . lj= ;+= @)#* ;fn df3 @* b]lv @( ut] a'6jnsf] ¿kGb]xLdf @@ lhNnfsf k|ltlglwsf] pkl:yltdf æsfg'ª nfª\3fnL kl/jf/Æ sf cWoIf afa'/fd /fgfdu/ / ;lrj hoaxfb'/ lxtfgdu/ /x]sf] ;Ë7g / k'/fgf] nfª\3fnL kl/jf/nfO{ Pp6}df ufe]/ æg]kfn nfª\3fnL kl/jf/ ;ª\3Æ s]Gb|Lo tby{ ;ldlt lgdf{0f u/L cWoIf x]daxfb'/ k'gdu/, pkfWoIf /0faxfb'/ cfn]du/, ;lrj ;'/]z cfn]du/, k|rf/k|;f/ ;lrj hoaxfb'/ lxtfgdu/ / sf]iffWoIf dgjL/ ua'{hf k'gdu/nfO{ lhDd]jf/L lbg] u/L ( ;b:oLo sfo{;ldlt lgdf{0f ul/of] . lj= ;+= @)#( ;fn kmfu'g !$, !% b]lv !^ ut] tgx'Fsf] bdf}nLdf tfgfzfxL k~rfotL Joj:yfsf] k|x/L 3]/faGbLaLrdf g} xhf/f}+ du/ ;d'bfosf] pkl:yltdf æg]kfn nfª\3fnL kl/jf/ ;ª\3Æ sf] P]ltxfl;s k|yd dxflwj]zg eJotfsf ;fy ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . k|yd clwj]zgn] cWoIf x]daxfb'/ k'gdu/ / dxf;lrjdf ;'/]z cfn]du/nfO{ lgjf{lrt u/L !% ;b:oLo æg]kfn nfª\3fnL kl/jf/ ;ª\3Æ, s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt rog u¥of] . To;}n] kmfu'g !% ut]nfO{ ;ª\3sf] :yfkgf lbj;sf] ¿kdf dgfpg] ul/G5 . du/ hfltsf] Oltxf;sf] ljleGg ptf/r9fj aLr u'lh|/x]sf] 5 eg] ;Ë7gsf] hLjgdf r'gf}lt / ;Defjgfn] n'sfdf/L ub}{ cufl8 a9\g] qmddf ;do / o'usf] 5fn;Fu} cfˆgf] ;+/rgf, of]hgf, sfo{qmd / d'2fx¿nfO{ kl/dflh{t u/]/ ¿kfGt/0f ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;Ë7gnfO{ km/flsnf], a}1flgs, Jofjxfl/s / ljsl;t ug{sf] nflu @)$* sf] rf}yf] dxflwj]zgn] æg]kfn nfª\3fnL kl/jf/ ;ª\3Æ nfO{ kl/jt{g u/L æg]kfn du/ ;ª\3Æ df ¿kfGt/0f u–of] . du/ ;'wf/ ;dfhsf] gfdaf6 k|f/De ePsf] ;Ë7gsf] ljsl;t ¿k cfh ;+;f/e/sf du/ ;d'bfonfO{ Ps 7fpDdf s]lGb|t ug]{ ljzfn 5ftf ;Ë7gsf] ¿kdf æg]kfn du/ ;ª\3Æ pkl:yt 5 . xfn;Dd g]kfn du/ ;+3n] !! j6f dxflwj]zgx?] -cWoIfx? qmdzM x]daxfb'/ k'g–@)#(, /slj/fh k'g–@)$@, dfgWjh /fgf–@)$%, uf]/]axfb'/ vkfËL–@)$*, @)%!, @)%$, @)%&, odaxfb'/ a'9fyf]sL–@)^), emsaxfb'/ yfkf–@)^$, dx]Gb| yfkf–@)^* / gljg /f]sf–@)&#_ ;DkGg u/L;s]sf 5 . g]kfn du/ ;ª\3n] clxn] g]kfn du/ ljwfyL{ ;+3, g]kfn du/ dlxnf ;+3, g]kfn du/ o'jf ;+3, g]kfn du/ e"tk"j{s ;}lgs tyf k|x/L ;+3, g]kfn du/ ;fF:s[lts ;+3 / g]kfn du/ o'jf ;+3 u/L ^ j6f /fli6«o:t/sf eft[ ;Ë7gx¿ / ljleGg lhNnfx?af6 sf7df8f} cfO{ a:g]x?sf]aLrdf g]kfn du/ ;Dks{ ;dGjo ;ldlt kl/rfng u/sf] 5 .
du/ hfu/0fsf] cleofg ;'? ePsf] ^ bzs kl5 @)&^ czf]h @^ / @& ut] sf7df8f}df ljZje/sf du/x?sf] hd36 eO{ du/ ;+3sf cWoIf gljg /f]sfsf] cWoItfdf cGt/fli6«o du/ dxf;+3sf] :yfkgf eof] . pQm ;Dd]ngsf] cjwf/0ff kqdf g]kfn, ef/t, e'6fg / adf{ :yfoL a;f]af; ug]{ / g]kfnaf6 ljleGg k]zf–Aoj;fo / cWoogdf uPsf cGo b]zx? xªsª, o'PO{, a]NhLod, a]nfot, Sofgf8f, cd]/Lsf, kf]t'{un, ci6«]nLof, ;fOk|;, O6nL, cli6«of, gj]{ / l:jb]g, :k]g, dsfp, g]b/Nof08, hd{gL, k|mfG;, 8]gdfs{, stf/, ;fpbL c/a, s'a]t, ax/fO{g, Oh/fon, cf]dg, dn];Lof, blIf0f sf]/Lof, hfkfg, ckmuflG:tfg / ef/t u/L ## j6f b]zdf du/ hflt ;+:yfut ?kdf lqmoflzn /x]sf] clen]v 5 . g]kfnsf] du/ hflt / l;+uf] g]kfnL /fi6«nfO{ dha'6 agfpgdf oL k|jf;df /x]sf du/x?sf] e"ldsf ct'ngLo /x]sf] 5 .
dxf;+3sf] cjwf/0ff, @)&^ cg';f/, du/x?sf] ljZjJofkL pkl:ylt /xg'sf] k|d'v # sf/0fx? /x]sf 5g\ klxnf], g]kfnL /fHo lgdf{0f cuf8Lb]lv g} a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf cflbjf;L du/x? hf] clxn] g]kfnsf] && j6} lhNnfdf b]zs} t];|f] 7"nf] hg;+Vof cf]u6]/ a;]sf 5g\ . bf];|f], g]kfnL /fHo lgdf{0fsf] qmddf o'4, a;fO{ ;/fO{, Jofkf/ Joj;fo, uf]vf{ etL{, cWoog, cfk|jf;L / ljleGg k]zfdf ;+nUg /xg]qmddf ;+;f/sf ljleGg 7fpFdf k'u]/ ToxL b]zsf] gful/s eO a;]sf ef/t, e'6fg, adf{, -kl5Nnf] qmddf a]lNhod, kf]r'{un, :k]g, Sofgf8f, a]nfot, xªsª nufPtfsf b]zx?df klg :yfoL gful/Qmf lng] qmd rln/x]sf] 5_ nufPtsf b]zdf a;f]af; ug]{ du/x? / t];|f], ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] k|lqmof;+u} >d, /f]huf/L, lzIff / ljleGg k]zf Joj;fodf ;+nUg eO{ c:yfoL?kdf dWok"j{sf stf/, ;fpbL c/j, dn]l;of, Oh/fon nufPtsf ljleGg b]zdf /x]sf du/x? . oL ltg} k|sf/sf du/x?sf] ;femf d'2f eg]sf] xfd|f Oltxf;, efiff, ;+:s[ltsf] d"n h/f] Pp6} xf] . To;}n] ljZje/ 5l/P/ ;femf du/ /fli6«otfdf afFlwPsf t/ leGg leGg gful/stf / d'2f /x]sf du/x?sf]jLrdf Pstf, eft[Tj tyf ;fdflhs ;fF:s[lts ;xof]u cfbfgk|bfg / P]Soa4tf g} cGt/fli6«o du/ dxf;+3sf] pb]Zo /x]sf] 5 .
g]kfn du/ ;+3 / du/ cGt/fli6«o dxf;+3df cfa4 ePsf ## j6f du/ ;+3x?dWo] xªsª -o'udfofF /fgf_ o'PO{ -lznf /fgf_, Sofgf8f -rGbf k'g_, dn];Lof -k'lidtf 7f8f_, Oh/fon -lnnf yfkf_ / e'6fg -snf yfkf_ u/L ^ -!*= !* k|ltzt_ j6f b]zsf cWoIfx? dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ . e'6fg, ef/t / jdf{ afx]ssf cGo b]zsf du/x? clxn] klg g]kfnL /fli6«otfd} 5g\ / pgLx? x/ k|sf/n] g]kfn / g]kfnsf du/x?sf] ;d[4L rfxG5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;fdflhs ;dfgtfsf] cfGbf]ng / cleofgx?df oL u}/cfjf;Lo tyf :yfoL cfjf;Lo du/x?sf] of]ubfgs} sf/0fn] g]kfn / g]kfnsf du/x?sf] dgf]jn / O{R5fzlQmdf phf{ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ljsl;t d'n'sn] s] s:tf of]hgfx? / pgLx?sf] ;Eotf / ;+:s[ltx?n] ;d[4L r'd]sf 5g\ eGg] pbfx/0fx? g]kfnLsf]aLrdf cfbg k|bfgsf] sf/0fn] klg xfd|f] b]zsf] ;sf/fTds kl/jt{gx?df e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . csf]{ tkm{ k|jf;df kl;gf / d]xgt;+u ;ft]sf] k};fn] /fHonfO{ lt/]sf] s/ ;+u} :jb]zdf s]xL km/s / ;/n tyf 5l/6f] ;]jf k|bfgdf cfwfl/t Aofj;flos s8dx?n] klg g]kfnsf] cy{tGqnfO{ dha'6 u/fpg] sfd ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . g]kfndf a:g] du/x?sf] t'ngfdf k|jf;df /x]sf du/x?nfO{ b]z / du/ /fli6«otfk|lt w]/} ulDe/ / ;fxfg'e'lt ePsf] w]/} tYox?n] k|i6fPsf] 5 To;sf s]xL b[i6fGtx? d ;xeflu ePsf] b]zx? xªsª / o'PO{nfO{ x]g{ ;lsG5 .
o'PO{sf s]xL /f]rs ljz]iftf
o'PO{sf] cfw'lgstf / ko{6s tyf cfkm\gf gful/sx?sf] Aoj:yfkg nf]enfUbf] /x]5 . o'PO{sf] cfw'lgs ljsf;n] lzv/ r'd]sf] Oltxf; 5f]6f] 5 . ;g\ @))$ ;Dd afn'jfn] dfq el/Psf] b]z Ps bzsd} ljZjsf] cfsif{0f aGg k'Uof] . ;g\ !(&@ df v}dfxaf6 :jtGq eO{ o'PO{df cfj'wfjL, chdfg, b'jO{, km'hfl/x, /f; cn v}dfx, ;f/emf / pd cn So'jfOg u/L ;ft j6f Old/]6;x?sf] ?k ;+o'Qm c/j Old/]6; xf] . of] b]z ;+3Lo ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqtfTds Aoj:yf /x]sf] 5 . O:nfd wd{ / c/ljs efiff cflwsf/Ls ;/sf/L wd{ / efiff xf] . ljZjsf] ;ftf} 7'nf] k]6«f]n ;+/lIft e08f/0f / k|fs[lts Uof; ;+/lIft ljZjsf] ;qf} b]z xf] . xfn o'PO{sf] hg;+Vof (* nfv () xhf/ cyf{t (= *( ldlnog /x]sf] 5 . s'n If]qkmn * nfv #^ xhf/ au{ lsnf]ld6/ If]qkmn /x]sf] 5 . o'PO{ d'l:nd b]z ePklg Toxf cGo wdf{nDaLx?sf] klg j;f]jf; /x]sf] 5 . OdL/yL, k"jL{ Pl;og, OlhlK6og, lkmlnlkgf] nufotsf ;b'dfox?sf] a;f]af; ug]{ ub{5g\ .
km"n Aoj;foL /f]d tfª\gfdL du/sf cg';f/ k|To]s lbg @% ldlnog l8/fd oftfoftsf] dfWodaf6 ;+sng x'G5 / oftfoftsf] x/ Aoj:yf ToxL /sd af6 x'G5 . xfd|f] ofqf z'/lIft / 5l/6f] 5, ;jf/L ;fwgx? z'/lIft 5g\ To;}n] xfdLn] ;/sf/nfO{ s/ ltg{ uj{ ub{5f} . x/]s xNsf ;jf/L ;fwgd Pc/ Aofu /x]sf] x'G5 h;n] b'3{6gf x'bf IftL x'gaf6 arfp5 . x/]s df]6/ af6f]sf] b]j|] ;fO8 l56f] / cfsl:ds ofqfsf] nflu / bflxg] tkm{sf] x]eL nf]8 / lj:tf/} ofqf ug]{ ;jf/L ;fwgsf] nflu Aoj:yfkg ul/Psf] 5 .
o'PO{sf] b'jO{ k|fGtdf s'g} klg sDkgL vf]Ng ;j}nfO{ cg'dlt 5 t/ %! k|ltzt ;fO{n]G6 z]o/ Toxfsf] ;/sf/sf] x'G5 . d'lZnd gfdaf6 sDkgL btf{ ubf{ b'O{ xhf/ l8/fd 5'6 5 eg] Tof] afx]sf] cGo gfd /fVg klg 5'6 5 t/ b'O{ xhf/ ltg'{ kb{5 . o'PO{ ljZjdf gofF gofF lslt{dfg jf clen]lvs/0f ug{ tTk/ /x]sf] b]z xf] . ljZjsf] ;j} eGbf cUnf] a'h{vnL 6fj/, ljZjsf] ;j}eGbf 7'nf] km"n au}rf ld/fsn uf8]{g, u/f08 dh, l8h{6 ;kmf/L, afª\uf ejg cflb ;+;f/s} cfsif{s / gf}nf kIfx? /x]sf 5g\ .
;8s s/ jf cg'dlt lng] :yfgdf sd{rf/L 5}gg ljw'tLo dfWodaf6 s/ e'QmfgL x'G5 uf8L /f]Sg' kb}{g h;n] ubf{ ;8s hfd / emGemltnf] klg x'b}g . ;+;f/sf gfd'b ck/fwL / ;j}eGbf sdhf]/ gfu/Ls klg z'/lIft / :jtGq eP/ j:g ;s]sf 5g\ . cfj'wfjL k|x/Lsf clws[t /]zd yfkfdu/sf cg';f/ s'g} ck/fw jf uNtL ubf{ ;fdfGo gful/s eGbf ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?nfO{ hl/dfgf bf]Aa/ eGbf dfly ePsf]n] ;/sf/L clwsf/Laf6 sfg'gsf] pkxf; ug]{ lxDdt ub}{gg . of] s;/L eof] eGg] lh1f;fdf ;j}sf] hjfkm z';f;g eGg] kfO{of] . o'PO{n] cfkm\gf] cfsif{0fsf] ?kdf gful/s, ko{6s / >ldsx?sf] ;/;kmfO{ klg dxTjk"0f{ kIf /x]sf] 5 . o'PO{df sfo{/t g]kfnLx?n] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ o'PO{df sfd ug]{ dhb'/x? ;kmf / cfsif{s x'g' kg]{ x'G5 t/ a+ufnLx? kmf]xf]/L x'g'sf;fy} af/Djf/ o'PO{sf] lgod pnª\3g ug]{ u/]sf]n] xfn pgLx?nfO{ >d /f]huf/sf] nflu k|j]z aGb ul/Psf] /x]5 . o:tf s8dn] o'PO{ cfkm\gf] :df6{ klxrfg arfpg slt;Dd ;Dj]bglzn /x]5 eGg] s'/fsf] w]/} kIfx?dWo] Pp6f b[i6fGt dfq xf] .
du/ ;+3, o'PO{
du/ ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ultljlwn] cfh c/j d'n'sx?df klg Jokfstf kfPsf] 5 . c/j d'n'sx?sf sfg'gn] ;+3 ;+:yfx? lgdf{0f u/]/ ultljlw ug]{ cg'dlt gePtfklg ljleGg dfWodaf6 ;+3 ;+u7gx? lqmoflzn /x]sf 5g\ h;dWo] o'PO{ Ps xf] .
@)&^ kmfu'g @& ut] ljljl; g]kfnL ;]jfsf cg';f/ @ nfv &% xhf/ g]kfnL sfdbf/ sfo{/t 5g\ . hghflt dxf;+3 o'PO{sf cWoIf df]xg df]Qmfg tfdfªsf cg';f/ #) xhf/ du/ 5g\ . g]kfnL ;dfh o'PO{ gfdsf] g]kfnL ;+:yf lqmoflzn /x]sf] 5 h'g ;+:yfdf $! j6f ljleGg ;+:yfx? cfj4 5g\ . g]kfnL b'tfaf;;+u x'g] ljleGg ultljlwx? tyf ;/sf/L sfdx? oxL g]kfnL ;dfhsf] dfWodaf6 x'g] ub{5 . o'PO{sf] ;ftj6f k|fGtx?dWo] b'jO{ k|fGt ;+;f/s} pbf/ / v'nf k|fGtdf kb{5 . ;g\ @))% df u0faxfb'/ k'gdu/sf] cWoIfdf :yfkgf ePsf] g]kfn du/ ;+3 zfvf, o'PO{n] !% aif{ kf/ u/]sf] 5 . To;kl5 qmdzM t]h cfn]du/ -@))%_, lu/dfg ufxfdu/ -@))&_, k"0f{axfb'/ 3tL{du/ -@))(_, g'gk|;fb ;f]d}du/ -@)!!_, e/t /fgfdu/ -@)!#_, /fh' l;+hfnLdu/ -@)!%_, 6+s yfkfdu/ -@)!&_ / lznf /fgfdu/ -@)!(_ u/L bzj6f cWoIfx?sf] g]t[Tjdf bzj6f dxflwj]zgx? ;DkGg eO{ ;s]sf] 5 jt{dfg bzf} dxflwj]zgn] dlxnf g]t[Tj kfPsf] 5 . o'PO{ du/ ;+3sf] dftxtdf & j6f k|fGtLo :t/Lo du/ ;+3 klg ;lqmo /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] x/]s /fhgLlts 36gfx? tyf du/ ;+3 / cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3sf] ljleGg cleofgx?df du/ ;+3 o'PO{sf] e"ldsf ultlzn /x]sf] kfO{Psf] 5 . @)@) k|m]a'c/L @* df g]kfn du/ ;+3, zfvf o'PO{n] #* cf} :yfkgf lbj; tyf !$# cf} nvg lbjz g]kfn du/ ;+3 zfvf o'PO{sf cWoIf lznf /fgfdu/sf] cWoIftf, dxf;lrj gog 3tL{du/sf] ;~rfng u/]sf] sfo{qmdsf] emns x]bf{ g]kfnL e"ld / g]kfnLkgsf] ememNsf] lbGYof] . g]kfnsf 1ft–c1ft zlxbx?k|lt Ps ldg]6 df}gwf/0f tyf g]kfnL /fli6«o lut / du/ /fli6«o lutdf du/ snfsf/x?n] g[To tyf ;+34f/f g]kfnL k~r] afhf ;lxtsf] ;fF:s[lts 6f]nL, :jod;]js, cltyL ;Tsf/ h:tf ljleGg 6f]nLx?sf] lgdf{0f u/L sfo{qmd Aojl:yt ?kdf ;~rfng ul/g' cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3 o'PO{df du/ ;d'bfosf] ;lqmotf /xg' / k|lzIf0f tyf cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf g]kfn / du/ hfltsf] laifodf ulx/f] cWoog, lrGtf / rf;f]sf ;fy v'n]/ ax; ug'{ cGtuTj g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] lxtdf of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . du/ ;+3 o'PO{ PSn} lx8]sf] 5}g cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3 / rfnL;j6f ;+u7gx? ;dflxt /x]sf] g]kfnL ;dfh o'PO{ / cGo ljleGg ;+3–;+:yfx?;+uklg xft]dfnf] ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .
du/ ;+3, xªsª
! xhf/ ! ;o $ ju{ lsnf]ld6/df km}lnPsf] xªsª !%^ aif{ c+u|]hsf] pklgj]z /xL ;g\ !((& h'nfO{ ! tfl/vdf rLgnfO{ x:tfgt/0f u/]sf] lyof] . rLgsf] Ps b]z b'O{ gLlt cGtu{t xªsª rLgsf] cª\u eP klg ToxfFsf] cfGtl/s k|zf;lgs k|lqmofx? tyf cGt/fli6«o ;DjGw lalzi6 k|sf/sf] 5 To;}n] xªsªnfO{ rLgsf] Ps ljz]if k|zf;lgs If]q elgG5 .
xªsª pRr ljsf; ePsf] b]z xf] / oxfFsf] d"Vo ;|f]t Aofkf/ / ko{6g xf] . xªsª d"nt xfg hfltsf] d"n's xf] . xªsªdf rfOlghx?sf] afx'No /x]sf] 5 eg] ( j6f d"n's nufotsf w]/} gful/sx? a:g] ub{5g\ . xªsªdf (@ k|ltzt rfOgLh /x]sf 5g\ eg] g]kfnL @%,$&@ cyf{t )= # k|ltzt /x]sf 5g\ (Census: 2016 http:/en.wikipedia.org/wki/demographics-of-hong-kong) . t/ g]kfnL dxfafl0fHo b't sdnk|;fn e§/fO{n] lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg';f/ g]kfnLsf] ;+Vof Tof] eGbf w]/} sd 5 . xªsªdf cWofkg ug]{ 8f= r'/f yfkfsf cg';f/ xªsªdf cg'dflgt % xhf/ du/ j:g] ub{5g\ eg] @%) sf] xf/fxf/Ldf g]kfnLx?sf] ;+3 ;+:yfx? lqmoflzn 5g\ .
xªsªdf w]/} ;fj{hlgs ;]jfx? cgnfO{g -ljw'tLo dfWod_ af6 lng] ul/G5 . w]/} ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf dflg; x'b}gg k|foM k|ljlwaf6 g} l6s6 lsGg] / kl/If0f ug]{ ub{5 . t/ To; afx]ssf klg ljsNkx? 5g h;sf] nflu l;ldt hgzlQm 5g\ lsgsL ;j} dflg;x?nfO{ k|ljwL k|of]u ;DalGw hfgsf/L gx'g ;S5 . t/ lTo l;ldt hgzlQm eP klg pgLx?n] k|bfg ug]{ ;]jf w]/} 5l/6f] / u'0f:t/Lo 5 . ;]jf lngsf] nflu k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ul/ 3/d} a;]/ ;j} ;fj{hlgs ;]jf lng] / ;DjlGwt :yfgdf uP/ lng] b'j} ljsNk 5 . s'g} ;/sf/L lgsfosf] pRr cf]xf]bfsf] AolQm xf]; jf cfly{s b[li6n] ;DkGg AolQm jf ;fdfGo gful/s ;j}n] Pp6} k4ltaf6 ;]jf lng] ub{5g\ cyf{t nfO{g a;]/ cfkm\gf] kfnf] kv{5g\ .
xªsªdf du/ ;+3sf] :yfkgfsf] syf klg xªsª :jtGqtf;+u} hf]l8Psf] 5 . xªsª lrgsf] ljz]if k|zf;lgs If]q ePsf] / du/ ;+3sf] hGd ;g\ !((& g} /x]sf] 5 . xªsª du/ ;+sf] clen]v cg';f/ ;g\ !((& df tfO{df];fg 8f8fdf e]nf eO{ ef]nfgfy yfkfsf] cWoIftfd du/ ;+3 xªsªsf] tby{ ;ldlt u7g ePsf] lyof] . !((* df ef]nfgfy du/ yfkfdu/sf] g]t[Tjdf k|yd dxflwj]zg ;DkGg u/L To; kl5 qmdzM bf];|f] / t];|f] x'daxfb'/ yfkfdu/ -@))) / @))@_, rf}7f] Psaxfb'/ /fgfdu/ -@))$_, kfrf} g]qaxfb'/ kx/fO{ -@))^_, 5}7f] Pd= aL= yfkfdu/ -@))*_, ;ftf} / cf7f} lx/fdfofF cfn]du/ -rGb|Hof]tL_ -@)!! / @)!$_ / gjf} o'udfof /fgfdu/ -@)!&_ n] g]t[Tj lnPsf 5g\ . ut aif{ ;g\ @)!* sf] cu:6df du/ ;+3 xªsªsf] @! cf} aflif{s pTzjdf ;xeflu x'g] cj;/ ldn]sf] lyof] . du/ ;+3 xªsªn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] O08Log Snj, hf]8{gdf cfof]hgf u/]sf] @!cf} aflif{s pTzjdf cWoIf o'udfof /fgfu/ ;~rfng dxf;lrj lgnd yfkfdu/ nufot ;xeflu k|foM ;j} du/ e]ife'iffdf lyP eg] du/sf df}lns ;+:s[ltx?sf] j]hf]8 k|:t'ltn] du/ klxrfgsf] cleofg cGt/fli6«os/0f ePsf] 5 . xªsªsf du/x? du/ ;+3 xªsªdf dfq xf]O{g cflbjf;L hghfltdxf;+3 xªsª, xªsª g]kfnL ;dfh, u}/ cfjfl;o dxf;+3, xªsª nufot ;+:yfx?df klg ;lqmo ;xeflu /x]sf] 5 . du/ dlxnf ;+3, du/ ;fF:s[lts ;+3, k'g du/ ;dfh, nfª3fnL ;dfh nufotsf ljleGg du/ ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] du/ ;+3 xªsªnfO{ phf{lzn agfPsf] 5 . du/ ;+3 xªsªn] xªsªdf dfq geP/ g]kfnsf] du/ hflt / pTkLl8t ;d'bfosf] cfGbf]ngdf ;xeflutf / P]Soa4tf hgfpb} cfpg'sf;fy} g]kfn / xªsªdf ljleGg If]qdf Aofj;foLs s8d rfNb} cfPsf] 5 .
xªsª / o'PO{sf] ;dfgtf
g]kfnL gful/ssf] cfo ;|f]t km/s /x]tf klg sfd ug]{ k|s[lt / lhjgz}nL eg] ;dfg g} 5g\ . xªsª / o'PO{ b'j} b]z ljZjsf] Aofkfl/s s]Gb| /x]sf]n] ljZjsf ;j} gful/sx?sf] lhjgz}nLsf] emns b]Vg ;lsG5 . csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ kIf xªsª kfgL kl//xg] / x/LofnL eO{/xg] / o'PO{ d?e"ld b]z ePtfklg ;8s / cGo ;fj{hlgs :ynx? x/LofnL / dgdf]xs 5g\ . oL b'j} b]zsf ;8sx?df k|x/L b]lvb}gg t/ zflGt z'/Iff eg] ljZjd} dha'6 /x]sf] 5 . ;8s lj:tf/ / 6«flkms Aoj:yfkg w]/} k|efjsf/L 5g\ . ;8sdf 6«flkms k|x/Lx? 5}gg t/ klg Toxf ;j}n] 6«flkms lgod kfngf u/]sf 5g\ . ljw'tLo ;+s]6, cGo ;fª\s]lts lrGxx? / ;"rgfx?sf] dfWodaf6 ;xh} ;8s qm; ug{, a;, 6«]g r9\g / cf]n{g gofF efiff ghfGg] / :yfgx?sf] hfgsf/L gePsf gj cfuGt'sx?nfO{ s'g} cKy]of/f] 5}g . hfd gx'g] / :6]zgdf r9\g] / cf]n{g] afx]s uf8L g/f]Sg] ePsf]n] ;fj{hlgs oftfoft / lglh oftfoftdf ofqf ubf{ w]/} ;dosf] cGt/ /xb}g . ;jf/L ;fwgsf] hf/Ldfgf, s/ cflb ltg{sf] nflu tflkm{s sfof{no jf oftfoft sfof{no hfg' kb}{g / uf8L /f]Sg' klg kb}{g :jrflnt ljB'tLo dfWodaf6 o;sf] hfgsf/L cfp5 / cgnfO{gaf6 g} e'QmfgL ug]{ ul/G5 o;n] cfkm"n] lt/]sf] s/ b'?kof]u / ;do ajf{bL x'g] ;Defjgf 5}g . cGwf–ckfª\tf ePsf AolQmx?, czQm tyf a[9–a[9fx?sf nflu x/]s ;fj{hlgs 7fpF, ;f}rfno / ;8sx?df z'/lIft ;8s / ;"rgfsf] k|ofKt Aoj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;8s 5]p k|ofKt xl/ofnL / Aojl:yt alQx?sf sf/0f ofqf z'/lIft / ;xh /x]sf] 5 . hldg, hldgdfly, hldgd'lg, ;d'Gb|, ;d'Gb| dfly / ;d'Gb| d'lg oftfoft ;'rf? u/]sf] 5 . ljZjsf nfvf} ko{6sx?sf] 7'nf] dfgj rfknfO{ oL b'O{ d'n'sn] ;xh} Aoj:yfkg u/]sf] 5 . ;8s afx]s cfw'lgs ejgx? / eAo Aofkfl/s s]Gb|x? tyf cGo ef}lts ;+/rgfx? ;dfg g} 5g\ t/ xªsªsf] t'ngfdf o'PO{df k|ofKt v'Nnf hldgx? ePsf]n] cfw'lgs ejg lgdf{0f sfo{{x? a9L lj:tf/ eO{/x]sf] 5 .
xfd|f w]/} gLlt lgdf{tfx? / /fhgLltsdL{x? ljleGg ljsl;t b]z e|d0f ug]{ u/]sf] 5g\ . t/ lTo b]zx?af6 l;s]/ jf cg'ej u/]/ of] s'/fsf] kl/jt{g u/]sf] vf;} hfgsf/L kfO{b}g . s'g} AolQmn] cfkm\gf] gLlh sdfO{sf] nflu s]xL cg';/g u/]/ Aoj;fo km:6fPsf] eg] pbfx/0fx? 5g\ . To;sf] ?kdf g]kfndf ;~rfng ;~rfng ul/Psf] s]jn sf/, cfw'lgs xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]06x?, ;lkª dnx?, gLlh c:ktfn tyf :s"n / sn]hx? cflb . t/ k|ToIf cfwf/e"t gful/snfO{ kmfO{bf k'Ug] ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf /fHosf] Wofg k'u]sf] 5}g . lo b]zx? ljsf;sf] ;"rs s] xf] < elg k|Zg ubf{ ;j}sf] pQ/ Pp6} 5 /fHo / gfu/Lssf] ;|f]tsf] ;xL ;b'kof]u cyf{t e|i6rf/ / gftfjfb gx'g' . s] Tof] c;Dej s'/f xf] < ;+;f/sf w]/} ToL b]zdf lo s'/fsf] ;b'kof]u ePsf] 5 eg] g]kfn lsg ckjfb < axfb'/ / Odf08f/ eg]/ ;+;f/nfO{ lrgfPsf] xfd|f] k'vf{nfO{ cfh e|i6 / ;fdflhs pTkL8gsf] d'n's eg]/ ;+;f/n] ckdflgt ul//x]sf] 5 . of] laifodf g]kfnL /fHo, /fhgLlts bn / zf;s ;d'bfon] clxn];Dd u/]sf] cEof;sf] ljsNksf] ?kdf ;dfgtfafbL l;4fGtaf6 dfq ;Dej 5 . To; l;4fGt cGt/u{t ;|f]t ;fwgaf6 al~rt ;d'bfonfO{ ;|f]t ;fwg pknAw u/fpg] / s;}n] klg cfkm\gf] clwsf/eGbfa9L ;|f]t ;fwgsf] pkef]u ug'{ x'Gg eGg] dfGotf /fVb5 . xfdL g]kfnL lxGb" v;–cfo{sf] t'ngfdf o'PO{sf] d'l:nd / xªsªsf] d+uf]n d'nsf zf;sx?df w]/} kf/blz{tf, bL3{sfnLg zf]r tyf ;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t sfo{qmdx? b]lvG5 . /fHosf] nf]s sNof0fsf/L gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?k|lt ;j} gful/ssf] ;xof]u /x]sf] kfO{G5 . /fHosf] ljlw / k4lt ;j}n] ;dfg ?kdf kfngf u/]sf]n] /fHoaf6 s;}n] klg lj/fgf] dxz'if u/]sf 5}gg . pgLx?n] b]zsf] ;d[4L;Fu} xfd|f] ;d[4L ufl;Psf] x'G5 eg]/ a'em] t/ g]kfnL zf;sx?n] cfkm\gf] ;d[4L g} b]zsf] ;d[4L xf] eg] km/s olx xf] . g]kfnL zf;sx?sf] b[li6sf]0f / df]8]nn] cfGtl/s ?kdf g]kfnL ;dfhnfO{ lju|x / ljefhg tkm{ 8f]–ofpb} 5 eg] cGt/fli6«o hutdf g]kfnL hutsf] abgfd u/fpb} 5 . jt{dfgdf ePsf] c;dfgtf / lje]bsf] sf/0f a'em\gsf] nflu g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts Oltxf;nfO{ ;dfnf]rgtTds 9+un] cWoog ug{ cfj:os h;sf] nflu g]kfnsf] klxnf] lnlvt sfg'g lj= ;+= !(!) sf] d'n'sL P]gnfO{ kN6fpg' kg]{ x'G5 . g]kfnsf] clxn];Ddsf] sfg'gsf] cfwf/ d'n'sL P]g xf] h;sf] hudf g]kfndf v;–cfo{x?nfO{ cu|flwsf/ / cGo ;d'bfonfO{ lsgf/f nufpg] sfd lg/Gt/ sfod 5 . em08} b'O{ ztfJbLb]lv Psn hftLo jr{Zj /x]sf] /fHo / /fhgLltnfO{ du/ nufot pTkLl8t pk]lIft ;d'bfox?sf] lg0ff{os ;xeflutljgf d'n'sn] ;sf/fTds lbzfdf ult lng] sNkgf ug'{ e|d dfq xf] . g]kfnL /fHo lgdf{0fsf] klqmofdf ljleGg df]8df of]ubfg / jlnbfg lbb} cfPsf] du/ hfltn] b]z tyf ljb]z ;j} 7fpFaf6 /fHo / /fhgLltdf x:tIf]ksf/L e"ldsf vf]Hg' / v]Ng' cfhsf] cfj:oQmf xf] .
